Between the establishment of the islamic republic of iran and the final ratification of the constitution, the iranian debate centered on two fundamental issues in particular. The constitution has been called a hybrid of theocratic and democratic elements. Constitution of iran constitutional background the former monarchy and the constitution of 1906 were abolished by the revolution of february 1979. The public remarks of iranian leaders indicate that tehran has been consistently committed to spreading its ideology beyond iran s borders since 1979. The entire legal systemfrom the supreme court to regional courts, all the way down to local and revolutionary courtsis under the purview of the ministry of justice, but in addition to a minister of justice and head of the supreme. Irans 1979 constitution attempted to bring together these two notions of republican governance and religious authority. Latin america has become a base for irans asymmetric. It introduced islam as a form of governance in 1979 and has supported militants abroad and defied international norms. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan.
The constitution of islamic republic of iran in the name of god, the compassionate, the merciful. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdi. According to the constitution of the islamic republic, the judiciary in iran is an independent power. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other.
Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the. The 1979 constitution dates 24 oct 1979 and is in force since 3 dec 1979. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with amendments through 1989. Color, race, language, and the like will not be cause for privilege. Irans legal system has gone through multiple changes and iterations over the past century. Nominally directed by the shahs sister, ashraf pahlavi, irans first family planning program was established in 1966. Iran focused at its first priority, the safeguarding of its territorial integrity and concentrated on enhancing the alliance with britain and usa5. This complete constitution has been generated from excerpts of texts from the repository of the. Iran is as committed to exporting the islamic revolution today as it was in 1979. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Factional dynamics in postkhomeini iran week 6 oct.
Since the 1979 islamic revolution, the legal code, previously based primarily on secular civil law, has become deeply intertwined with islamic law sharia. In the iranian constitution of 1979 said saffari in the course of recreating a new constitution for the islamic republic of iran, there were a number of crucial debates concerning legitimacy, represen tation, concepts of democracy, and the relations between temporal and reli. The legitimation of the clergys right to rule in the. The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states.
Irans historic drop in fertility irans provision of modern contraception stretches back to the government of shah mohammed reza pahlavi. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran advances the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society based on islamic principles and norms, which represent an honest aspiration of the islamic ummah. Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia. Khomeinis concept of velayatefaqih rule by a supreme islamic jurisprudent, or supreme leader was enshrined in the constitution that was adopted in a public referendum in december 1979 and amended in 1989. Islamic republic of irans strategic culture and national. This republican constitution replaced the 1906 constitution, which, with its provisions for a shah to reign as head of state, was the earliest constitution in the middle east. The iranian revolution, past, present and future iran chamber. Exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdis return track persia may 16, 2017 apocalypticism within the twelver sect of shiism is the most important component of the the shiite apocalyptic tradition because it is fundamentally associated with the notion of the twelfth, or hidden, imamsomething that is absent. May 16, 2017 exporting the revolution in irans constitution and the mahdis return track persia may 16, 2017 apocalypticism within the twelver sect of shiism is the most important component of the the shiite apocalyptic tradition because it is fundamentally associated with the notion of the twelfth, or hidden, imamsomething that is absent. Since the 1979 revolution, many mem bers of minority religious communities have been arrested or executed, or have fled in fear of persecution. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political and economic institutions of the people of iran, based on islamic principles and rules, and reflecting the fundamental desires of the islamic people. At the end of world war ii, the soviet influence inside iran was really limited. Significant amendments were adopted on 28 july 1989.
Ap comparative government iran study guide 50 terms. The 21 and 22 of bahman 57 12 and february 1979 were the days of the collapse of the monarchic system when domestic tyranny, and the foreign dominance that relied on it, were. Iran, may 2008 3 in november 1979, students affiliated with the latter group occupied the u. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic revolution of iran, and by the. Womens empowerment can be defined as a change in the circumstances of a womans life, which enables her to raise her capacity to manage more enriched and rewarding life. National laws are influential factors in promoting womens empowerment.
Constitution of the islamic republic encyclopaedia iranica. A constitutional referendum was held in iran on 2 and 3 december 1979. Library of congress federal research division country profile. The government is based upon the constitution that was approved in a national referendum in december 1979. The supplement motammem to the constitution qanune asasi, lit. The legitimation of the clergys right to rule in the iranian. Irans presence in latin america is an imminent threat to peace and political stability in the western hemisphere because its forces interact with latin americas deeply rooted revolutionary ideology and various wellintentioned but flawed liberation theology social movements. Abstract the 1979 iranian revolution undoubtedly belongs to the great revolutions of modern times all of which were characterized by universalistic efforts and the claim to have set. The constitution was then ratified in a referendum held during december 23, 1979. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran sets forth the cultural, social, political, and economic institutions of iranian society on the basis of islamic principles and norms, which represent the earnest aspiration of the islamic ummah.
The constitution notes that the islamic revolution reflects. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution original electronic texts at the international constitutional law web site. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that men might conduct themselves with fairness. We have sent our apostles with veritable signs and brought down with them scriptures and the scales of justice, so that. First, the major procedural question was the ratification method of the constitution. Preamble to the 1979 iranian constitution hanover college. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran proclaims the twelver shii jaafari school of islam to be the official religion of the country. Irans strategic culture and national security outlook is at a critical juncture, where historical nationalism, religion and political ideology are being challenged by modernisation, moderation and pragmatism. All laws and regulations, including the constitution itself, must be based on islamic criteria. Comparative constitutions project, and distributed on. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikipedia. Institutionalizing the revolution the institutions of the islamic republic abridged version of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran.
Improvement in womens empowerment is a salient issue to achieve the millennium development goals. Constitution of the islamic republic of iran wikisource. A pledge to exporting the revolution is enshrined in iran s constitution. In the iranian constitution of 1979 said saffari in the course of recreating a new constitution for the islamic republic of iran, there were a number of crucial debates concerning legitimacy, represen tation, concepts of democracy, and the relations between temporal and reli gious power. As a result, current iranian national security policies can be analysed as working like a pendulum between supranationalist and realist tendencies. It is based on velayate faqih, or the rule of the islamic. The form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and koranic justice, in the referendum of 29 and 30 march 1979, through the affirmative vote of a majority of 98. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. For instance, it protects the right to liberty by stating, no one shall be arrested except by the order and. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran provides that the states official religion is islam iran 1979, art. Moreover, article 4 provides that, all civil, penal administrative, cultural, political and other laws and regulations must be based on islamic criteria.
The head of state, ayatollah ali khamenei, is the supreme leader of the. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. For instance, article 19 of the constitution states. February 1, 1979, and, on february 11, 1979, he declared an islamic republic of iran. The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. This aspiration was exemplified by the nature of the great islamic.
Adopted october 24, 1979 article 1 the form of government of iran is that of an islamic republic, endorsed by the people of iran on the basis of their. The 1979 constitution enshrines various provisions pertaining to the right to a fair trial. December 1979 iranian constitutional referendum wikipedia. A history of modern iran in a radical reappraisal of irans modern history, ervand abrahamian traces its traumatic journey across the twentieth century, through the discoveryofoil,imperialinterventions,theruleofthepahlavis,and,in 1979, revolution and the birth of the islamic republic. After the 1979 overthrow of the pahlavi dynasty by the islamic revolution, the system was greatly altered. The people of iran regardless of ethnic and tribal origin enjoy equal rights. For decades, iran has vexed the international community. The constitution of 1979 was created by a directly elected 73man assembly of clerics called the. Iran s constitution of 1979 differed from the constitution of 1909 because it 1979 put more emphasis on. The constitution of the islamic republic of iran states that islam is the official religion. The constitution, having regard to the islamic contents of the iranian revolution, which was a movement for the victory of all the oppressed over the arrogant, provides a basis for the continuation of that revolution both inside and outside the country. In may 2018, the trump administration withdrew from the 2015 nuclear agreement negotiated by six world powers and iran.
The constitution recognizes the nonmuslim religious minorities zoroastrian, jewish, and christian iranians as the only. From 1947 to 1953 iran tried to create its own economical and political path, showing a. Irans constitution of 1979 differed from the constitution of 1909 because it 1979 put more emphasis on. Flawed reforms irans new code of criminal procedure amnesty international 9 1.
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